Recoil-operated firearm.



PATENTED APR. 23, 1907.

G. LUGER.

REGOIL OPERATED FIREARM. I

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 31, 1903.

nnirnn s'ra'rns Parm onnron are. 851,538.

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Patented April as, 1907.

Application filed December 31,1903. Serial No. 187,325;

To all whom itv may concern; Beit knownthat I, GEORG LUGER, a subject ofthe Emperor of Austria, and a'resident of N o. 34 Weimarerstrasse,Charlottenburg, Germany, engineer, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Re coil-Operated Firearms, of which the following is anexact, full, and clear description.

- toggle joint type, in which the opening of the sometimes on lugs ofThis invention relates to an im rovement 1n recoil-operated firearms oft e known class with a breech closing mechanism ofthe toggle joint ismovement;

The present invention relates especially to effected during a recoilingmeans for eflecting the raising'of the toggle.

joint out of the extended or closed position; In order to utilize therecoiling movement the toggle joint when being opened, resort is had tothe known arrangement wherein cam projections are fixed on or connectedwith the tog le joint and are adapted for coacting, on tile recoil Thisknown arrangement has heretofore been so carried out in practice thatsaid cam are attained, Ireor more valuable tion against the beating-likerecoil action,- whereby whilst effectively utilizing the refolding oropenconstructional;

coil-energy for the cranking, ing ofthe toggle joint, the

' parts are also preserved from excessivevibra tion and strain. Byreason ments, neither comparatively light construcstrong loading caneffect tion-of the breech members nor excessively the reliable operation of the firearm,

' The invention will be hereinafter fully set forth and ing-1' ecounteraction can be stroke, with inclined shoulders or abutments orequivalent means.

the present f cam projec--' pin, certain ad-,

of my improve particularly pointed out in the claims. 1 i i In theaccompanying drawings, Figure 1 1s a side elevation of the main portionof a recoil operated pistol embodying my invention. Fig. 2-is a similarview of .the toggle joint, the cam projections being shown in theimpinging position at the commencement of the openin of the to 1e joint.Fig. 3 1s a plan view of' i 1 an ig. 4 is a cross-section on line AFig. 1. a

A principal drawback to the arrangements of the cam projections behindthe middle link in, consists in the fact that no retardrodu ced at thecommencement of the recoi during the cranking, foldingror opening of thetoggle joint, as is necessary when employing strong charges in order todecrease the straln, to lessen the unavoidable jerks and to enable theuniform and surecarrying out of the opening and closing of the toggleoint. r mcethe camaction, which eflects the cranking or foldin commencesin such arrangements at a dlstance behindthe front pin of v .theforward'link (which former serves as fulcrum and the leverageconseqluently extends-over the entire length of t 1e forward link,)theresistance is small at the commencement of the foldin and the foldingimpulse takes'place quic y i. e. without retarding action bcounteracting resistances, except that of t e closing sprlng. Anotherdrawback the former arrangements con-.

-. sists in the fact that the recoil is not onllyg transmitted throughthe entire forward lin but also through the middle link j ointand 1n adiflerent direction in the rear link to the 1nclined cam surfaces, whichproduce the folding. This results in a detrimental jerking strain on thecentral pin, which leads to the loosening or distortion of, such pin,while at the same time, an indirect intermedlate transmiss'on aifectsthe exactness of the cam engagement which, on account of the arrangementof the cam projections 1n palrs (one pair on'each side), must ball-means be inalintained, s'ince otherwise a lndmg would take place inthe guides. In order to obviate the said drawbacks and to secure for theinitial movement, a retarding effect, which is v advantageous -t o thefunction, of the firearm,

'the cam projections, according to the pres- 1o barrel Z.

the action of a closlng spring f shown in Figs. 1 and 2has-been carried.out for a short dis- (Fig. 2) resulting movement owing to themomentum-derived and b and the forwar 5 charges employed -link pin.

being in an extends ent invention, are provided at a suitable point onthe forward link, that is, between i the middle link pin and the forwardlink-pin,

so as to conform with the 7 Referring to, the drawings, a and b are thetwo links, which areconnected at the'knee point by means of the centralpin cfand which form '0 is the forward link pin and u the rear- Thelatter is fixed on the barrel extension 8 attached to the movablebarrel,

so that 'by this arrangement, the links a, and 15 b are capable of asliding or recoiling movement, which takes place in consequence of theknown function of the firearm. The for- 'wardlink a is bifurcated at a,to-"accommodate the link-eye b" of the rear. link I). vThe bifurcatedarts a forming side-pieces of the forward lin a serve as finger gripsfor openmg the breech with the hand. Below the said bifurcated parts, onthe sides of the forward link a, are arranged inclined forwardly extendng shoulders or projections p of such len th; breadth and thic mess asto orm lim- 'ite cam projections for co-actin with corre- 1 spondinglyinclined fixed shoul ers or cams I secured to o'r builtup on the sides wof the o ame. Theinclined surfaces, of these cams are oblique so as toparallel thev opposite faces of the shoulders or projections p,{and suchcams are, located about in linewlth the folding knee-point of the/linkswhen the latv3 5 ter are in their normal position, at which time theshoulders or projections p are some distance in advance of such cams q.

- The construction hereinbefore-described operates as follows :Afterdischarging the 40 fire-arm, the barrel Z'with its extension sslidesbackwards on account of the recoil, and the toggleetake. ,art in thismovement soon as this sliding movement opposedto tance, the shoulders orprojectionsv p on both sides of the forward'link'a engage with the camshoulders g of the fixed side pieces w ;in an upwardly directed from theco-actionfof the two sets of cam surfaces 1n conse uence of the rearwardsliding movement of t e parts. The middle linkpin 5 5 c is therebylifted relatively tothe pins '11 and v, and the humping up of the togglejoint begins, which results in an entire opening (Fig.

2) on account of the continuous recoiling I action. The re-closin of thetoggle links a sliding movement of the barrel extension .9 to closmgposition are efleoted by the recoil of s ring f. I

It 1s Obvious that, wit this arrangement,

weaker or stronger the joint behind the movable retardatidn during thefolding closed position; As. jerkin strains.

up exclusively by the-forward link a, forming a massive piece with theside projections a and shoulders or'projections 'Onl the forward-linkpin 1; takes part in this irect strain-,- whilst the middle joint at cis not subjected to the directfjerking or arresting action. Thisrelieving of the central pin '0 is of. decided advantage, and anotheradvantage-resides in avoidin multiple link connections, by which theerking action would necessarily be transmitted in the event of shiftingthe cam projections on the rear link.

6. Above all, the effect of a certain uniform effect is necessaryespeciall or the reliable function of'the folding, resu ts from theresent arrangement, as the side pieces a, and shoulders p, respectively,of the forward link a, which take up the sudden impulse, remove allvibration and the impinging motion is counteracted by the brakinginertia of the middle in and rear link parts, which are unaction, whichthe jerking strain which arises from the. oo- I action of the parts 12and q is'directly taken afl'ecte at the outset by the jerkingaction andneed only be moved upward directly by the forward link. Moreover,thefoldingis impeded at first on account ofthe shortened fli plerationof the parts p g to the front in 1 e uniform engagement on both si esv1s.

latter being thereby positively guided. The parts forming the guide atthe rear ofthe toggle joint are not subjectedt'o'anystrain during thejerkin action.

The fact that t e im in ingsurfaces at p are arranged closer to tileforward link pin-'0 than has heretofore been done, enablesthe.

forward link a to permanently withstand the This is of greatimportance,as well as the further advanta e that the leverage a'ctingthroughthefrontpart of the I forward link measured from the point of cobending ofthe toggle joint is e ected with the leverage of a one armed lever,whereb the previously explained retarding'effect 1s assisted, as thejerking energy is partly consumed in the lever mechanism.

7 I claim as my invention: 7 I 1. In a recoil-operated fire-armythecombination with a rearward moving barrel and its extension, ofanon-recoiling frame, a Y

breech block, linked levers pivoted tothe breech-block and to saidextension, the for- 1 ward one of said linked levers bei provided withcam projections in front of't e central.

pin, and cam projections on said frame with which the former camprojections are designed to engage on vtherearward slidingmovement ofthe barrel.

2. In a recoil-operated fire-arm the com-f bination a rearward movingarrel and likewise insured by thecombination of the cam projections withthe forward link a, the

its extension, of a non-recoiling frame, a tions are designed to'engageon the rearward 1o breech block, linked levers pivoted to the g slidingmovement of the barrel.

breech-block and to said extension, the for- I In testimony whereof Ihave hereunto set ward one of said linked levers being provided I myhand in presence of two witnesses.

at points forward of the central pin with downwardly and forwardlyinclined shoulders or GEORG LUGER' projections, and cam projections onsaid Vitnesses:

frame, likewise downwardly and forwardly HENRY HASPER,

inclined, with which said shoulders or projec- WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

